A System to Regulate the Flue Gas Exit Velocity from Chimneys
Any combustion produces hot flue gases. In the case of boilers or process-fired heaters, heat is recovered from the flue gases, and then, they are to be released to the ambient at a minimum specific height, at a certain minimum velocity. This process of discharging flue gas at a certain height is achieved by using a chimney where the flue gas enters the chimney's bottom (slightly above ground level) and exits at the top end. During plant operation, the flue gas flow that enters the chimney varies. This results in varying flue gas exit velocities from the chimney.
As the chimney flues are designed for maximum flue gas flow, the flue gas exit velocity reduces if the gas flow entering the chimney is less than the designed value. Substantial flue gas exit velocity reduction is often experienced during boiler part load operations. Such a substantial reduction in flue gas exit velocity is not desirable from the point of environmental pollution consideration. This innovation devised a system by which chimney flue gas exit velocity can be regulated with flue gas flow through the chimney so that flue gas exit velocity can be maintained at a desired level irrespective of plant operating conditions. Possible applications of the invention but not limited to are:
a) Chimney for boilers (fired and unfired) in thermal power plants.
b) Chimney for boilers in Industrial plants, process industries etc.
Multiple boiler exhausts can be connected to a single chimney flue, which optimises the design cost of chimney construction for the plant. Cost savings will be in the chimneys' material, space and construction time.
This innovative process relates to the conventional seawater-based Flue Gas Desulphurisation (FGD) plant, wherein seawater is used as an absorbent of SO2 to limit its emission from the flue gas to the atmosphere.
Water is drawn from the sea to meet the requirement of both FGD and cooling water systems independently, thus requiring a large quantity of seawater with high investment and power consumption.
Seawater is supplied to FGD directly, and its outlet is then routed to the cooling water system as cooling tower make-up. To make the FGD outlet water fit for cooling tower make-up, it is treated with alkali dosing and then led to the aeration and settling pond.
This innovation results in savings in Capex, lesser execution time and water consumption. Additional benefits include reduction of power consumption and lower carbon footprint.
Generally, de-oiled cakes are generated from tree-borne seeds after extracting oil. This de-oiled cake has a significant percentage of total solid content, suitable for fermentation in an anaerobic digester and to generate useful biogas as a source of energy.
This invention relates to an anaerobic digester assembly comprising an incline disposed of digester chamber. It pertains to a simple and effective digester design that ferments feedstock of high solid content, particularly de-oiled cake, in a plug flow manner, leading to the retention and growth of desired microorganisms and continuously making the fermentation process sustainable.
July 27, 2010
Acid Catalyst for Producing Bio diesel from Vegetable Oils
Acid Catalyst for Producing Bio diesel from Vegetable Oils
About 80% of the country's demand for Petroleum and Petroleum derived products is imported. It is an environment-friendly option by reducing emissions while still supplying fuel, which is essential for growth in a developing country like India.
Biofuel - the greener fuel can now be made by a more straightforward and cost-effective process developed by Tata Consulting Engineers (TCE) with IIT, Bombay. This invention involves a unique approach using solid heterogeneous acid catalyst, which is considered as two-fold,
Use of a heterogeneous catalyst: This coupled with high conversion makes the separation easy. It also eliminates the need for a water wash.
A single-stage conversion process using the heterogeneous acid catalyst.
It has a strong business case as it is a single-stage process that directly converts from oil to fuel at one go. This process gives more than 95% yield of bio diesel. There is no impurity in the end product and the bio diesel meets the specifications of European Standards.
July 14, 2008
Method for Blocking Operation of Overcurrent Relay for Earth Fault
Method for Blocking Operation of Overcurrent Relay for Earth Fault
Industries’ power supply is fed from State Electricity Boards at voltages varying from 11kV to 220kV depending upon the load requirement. This supply is stepped down to a suitable voltage level using a transformer. Usually, 220 and 110kV voltages are stepped down by using a Star-Star transformer. Industries also use captive power generation, which operates in parallel with the grid since the power supply’s reliability is critical to maintaining production continuity.
In case of an earth fault on the grid side, the transformer will feed zero-sequence current. Selection of over current and earth fault elements must be made judiciously to avoid nuisance tripping. The protection relays comprise either 2 over current elements + 1 earth fault element or 3 over current elements + 1 earth fault element. There are possibilities of nuisance tripping of over current relay for solidly earthed systems due to grid earth fault. To overcome this, the over current relays are set with a higher setting to avoid nuisance tripping, which impacts its sensitivity.
In this invention AND/OR logic circuit has been used to prevent the operation of over current elements in case of an earth fault. A fault signal generated from the over current + earth fault relay is sent to the logic circuit. The logic circuit will check the type of fault, i.e. line to ground or double line to ground or line to line or three-phase fault. The logic will block the operation of an over current relay for a line to ground or double line to ground faults.
This method allows for a sensitive over current relay setting and avoids its nuisance tripping for earth faults on the grid side. With this, the reliability of the power supply at the consumer end is largely improved due to the islanding of the system from the grid in case of a grid disturbance.
Fatty acid distillation is typically carried out under reduced pressure (vacuum) and at about 240 degrees Celsius. This invention relates to producing Distilled Fatty Acid (DFA) from the fats splitting process by providing a system for DFA production without vacuum requirement, with less steam and cooling water. This process operates with less fuel consumption and is easy to operate.
A Process of Producing Distilled Fatty Acids
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Patent Holding Company: TCE
Field of Work: Sustainability and Clean Energy
Generally, de-oiled cakes are generated from tree-borne seeds after extracting oil. This de-oiled cake has a significant percentage of total solid content, suitable for fermentation in an anaerobic digester and to generate useful biogas as a source of energy.
This invention relates to an anaerobic digester assembly comprising an inclinedly disposed of digester chamber. It pertains to a simple and effective digester design that ferments feedstock of high solid content, particularly de-oiled cake, in a plug flow manner, leading to the retention and growth of desired microorganisms and continuously making the fermentation process sustainable.
An Anaerobic Digester Assembly
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