Page 24 - Tcexpression2021 - Sept to Dec 2020

The path can be represented by the following figure also:

Energy
efficiency

Sustainable transition
goals:
• Environmental
sustainability Switching Sustainable System level
to Iron and Steel Material sustainable
• Energy security alternative efficiency
fuels transition benefits
• Least-cost transition
pathways
• Synergies between
Iron and Steel and
other sectors Innovative
technologies

Available Technologies in Energy These processes may decrease carbon dioxide
Transition and Decarbonising emissions without eliminating them, but do not offer
programmes for Iron & Steel Industries fully carbon-neutral steel production.
Technologies dealing with electrification
The following section discusses the available There is a growing potential for emission reduction
technologies wherein Technical systems are either in the steel industry by switching from fossil fuels
complete & qualified or very promising to have a towards electricity, thanks to growing availability of
significant impact in future:
strong transmission grid and economical renewable

Technologies related to energy efficiency power including rooftop solar, waste energy
measures utilisation, etc. supported by storage solutions.

Energy efficiency in industry has resulted in energy As indicated earlier, the EAF route is a well-
savings of around 40% per product unit (EEA, established technology having substantially fewer
2019). There is a remaining potential for estimated emissions with a major share of indirect emissions.
additional savings of 15-25% by 2050 using system The use of electricity often offers considerable
design changes such as Coke Dry Quenching, Top efficiency benefits, such as applying heat pumps
Pressure Recovery Turbine, Waste heat recovery for low-temperature heat. Several commercially
from different available sources, recuperative and available technologies can be implemented to
regenerative burners, process improvements, etc. substitute fossil fuels for heat demand: Electrode
TCE has managed many such projects successfully.
boilers, Electrical resistance heating, Heat pumps,
BF/BOF efficiency programs Steam recompression, etc.
Such programs improve efficiency and/or decrease
production losses in different ways, for example However, the integrated steel plants run with an
established gas and steam balance. Thorough
optimising the BF burden mix by maximising the knowledge and case to case basis study are
iron content in raw materials to reduce the required to evaluate the techno-economic benefits.
usage of coal as a reductant
increasing the use of fuel injection through, Increase share of scrap-based EAFs
for example, pulverised coal injection (PCI), EAF producers are more environmentally friendly
natural gas, plastics, biomass, or hydrogen and flexible to demand ups and downs. Increasing
(as an additional reagent on top), or the share of EAF-based steel production will play
using coke oven gas in the BF as an energy source. a key role in decarbonising the steel industry.

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